Ammodaucus leucotrichus antihyperglycemic activity

J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 10(1): 94-103, 2022.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres21.1141_10.1.94

Original Article

Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu: Antihyperglycemic activity via the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and intestinal glucose absorption activities and its chemical composition

[Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu: Actividad antihiperglucémica por inhibición de α-amilasa, α-glucosidasa, y las actividades de absorción de glucosa intestinal y su composición química]

Saliha Bouknana, Nour Elhouda Daoudi, Mohamed Bouhrim, Abderrahim Ziyyat, Abdelkhaleq Legssyer, Hassane Mekhfi, Mohamed Bnouham*

Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed the First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI; BP: 717; 60000, Oujda, Morocco.

*E-mail: a.bnouham@ump.ac.ma, mbnouham@yahoo.fr

Abstract

Context: Ammodaucus leucotrichus commonly known as a ‘Kamune es sufi or akâman’ in Morocco, is used to treat many diseases including diabetes.

Aims: To investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of an aqueous extract of fruits A. leucotrichus (AEAL) and its chemical composition.

Methods: The antihyperglycemic effect of the AEAL was tested against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase activities, in vitro, at the concentrations (41-328 µg/mL) and (0.5-3 mg/mL) respectively. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the AEAL (150 mg/kg) against these enzymes was confirmed, in vivo in normal and alloxan diabetic rats using sucrose, starch, and glucose as a substrate.The antihyperglycemic effect of the AEAL was also tested against intestinal D-glucose absorption activity at the dose of 150 mg/kg using the jejunum segment perfusion technique, in situ. Chemical composition was evaluated using HPLC.

Results: The results of this study showed that the AEAL was significantly (p<0.001) inhibited the intestinal α-glucosidase, in vitro (IC₅₀ = 0.254 mg/mL). The same effect of this extract was confirmed against the pancreatic α-amylase activity, with IC₅₀ = 1.81 mg/mL. In vivo, the oral intake of the AEAL at a dose of 150 mg/kg was significantly attenuated the hyperglycemia induced by the sucrose, starch, and glucose in the normal and alloxan diabetic rats. AEAL, also, significantly (p<0.01) decreased intestinal glucose absorption, in situ.HPLC results revealed the presence of four molecules: vanillin, quercetin, kaempferol, and thymol.

Conclusions: A. leucotrichus showed a significant antihyperglycemic activity. This effect can be explained by the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase activities, and the intestinal absorption of D-glucose.

Keywords: alloxan; α-glucosidase; α-amylase; Ammodaucus leucotrichus; anti-hyperglycemic; intestinal glucose absorption.

Resumen

Contexto: Ammodaucus leucotrichus comúnmente conocido como un ‘Kamune es sufi o akâma’ en Marruecos, se utiliza para tratar muchas enfermedades, incluida la diabetes.

Objetivos: Investigar la actividad antihiperglicémica de un extracto acuoso de frutos A. leucotrichus (AEAL) y su composición química.

Métodos: Se probó el efecto antihiperglucémico del AEAL contra las actividades de α-glucosidasa intestinal y α-amilasa pancreática, in vitro, en las concentraciones (41-328 µg/mL) y (0,5-3 mg/mL) respectivamente. Además, el efecto inhibidor del AEAL (150 mg/kg) contra estas enzimas, in vivo en ratas diabéticas normales y aloxan utilizando como sustrato sacarosa, almidón y glucosa. El efecto antihiperglucémico del AEAL también se probó contra la actividad de absorción de D-glucosa intestinal a la dosis de 150 mg/kg utilizando la técnica de perfusión del segmento de yeyuno in situ. La composición química se evaluó mediante HPLC.

Resultados: Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que el AEAL fue inhibido significativamente (p<0,001) la α-glucosidasa intestinal, in vitro (IC₅₀ = 0,254 mg/mL). El mismo efecto de estos extractos se confirmó contra la actividad pancreática de la α-amilasa, con IC₅₀ = 1,81 mg/mL. In vivo, la ingesta oral del AEAL a dosis de 150 mg/kg atenuó significativamente la hiperglucemia inducida por la sacarosa, el almidón y la glucosa en ratas diabéticas normales y aloxan. AEAL también disminuyó (p<0,01) la absorción de glucosa intestinal, in situ. Los resultados de HPLC revelaron la presencia de cuatro moléculas: vainillina, quercetina, kaempferol y timol.

Conclusiones: A. leucotrichus mostró una actividad antihiperglucémica significativa. Este efecto puede explicarse por la inhibición de las actividades de α-amilasa, α-glucosidasa, y la absorción intestinal de D-glucosa.

Palabras Clave: aloxano; α-glucosidasa; α-amilasa; Ammodaucus leucotrichus; antihiperglucémico; absorción glucosa intestinal.

Citation Format: Bouknana S, Daoudi NE, Bouhrim M, Ziyyat A, Legssyer A, Mekhfi H, Bnouham M (2022) Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu: Antihyperglycemic activity via the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and intestinal glucose absorption activities and its chemical composition. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 10(1): 94–103. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres21.1141_10.1.94

© 2022 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (JPPRes)