J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 594-605, May-Jun 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1879_12.3.594
Original Article
Cardioprotective anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia lactiflora Wall. ex DC. extract and fractions in a rat cardiomyoblast (H9c2) model of inflammatory sepsis
[Actividades anti-inflamatoria y cardioprotectora del extracto y fracciones de Artemisia lactiflora Wall. ex DC. en un modelo de sepsis inflamatoria con cardiomioblastos de rata (H9c2)]
Nateelak Kooltheat1,3, Amethyst Chaiissarapap2, Onanong Jienthaisong2, Nutchanok Mohlek2, Rungnapa Pankla Sranujit5, Nuttikarn Nokkaew2,4*
1School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
2School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
3Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
4Center of Excellence in Marijuana, Hemp, and Kratom, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
5Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
*E-mail: nuttikarn.no@wu.ac.th
Abstract
Context: Sepsis is a progressive inflammatory response commonly caused by gram-negative bacteria via activation of the NF-κB-dependent pathway. Severe sepsis can cause cardiac dysfunction and increases the risk of death. Artemisia lactiflora is a Chinese medicinal plant that contains phenolics and flavonoids with probable anti-inflammatory activities.
Aims: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of A. lactiflora leaves extract in a cardiac sepsis model.
Methods: A. lactiflora leaves were extracted and fractioned using solvents of different polarities. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was quantified. The antioxidants were quantified in vitro using DPPH and ABTS radicals. The cytotoxicity of the extract and fractions was evaluated and calculated using the neutral red assay and curve-fitting analysis in cardiomyoblasts (H9c2). The anti-inflammatory activities of A. lactiflora were observed by treating H9c2 with extract and fractions in the presence of Escherichia coli. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF and IL6) and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA.
Results: Extract and fractions of A. lactiflora contained noticeably high quantities of phenolics and flavonoids with considerably high anti-DPPH and anti-ABTS activities. Co-treatment with A. lactiflora extract and all fractions significantly downregulated the expression of TNF and IL6 as well as decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 (p<0.0001) compared with E. coli-stimulated cardiomyoblasts. The butanol fraction had the highest potency in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions in cardiomyoblasts under in vitro sepsis conditions.
Conclusions: A. lactiflora leaf extract demonstrated therapeutic potential in a cardiac sepsis model by alleviating the inflammatory responses. This plant can potentially be developed as an alternative medicine for inflammation and sepsis.
Keywords: anti-inflammatory; Artemisia lactiflora; H9c2; sepsis model.
Resumen
Contexto: La sepsis es una respuesta inflamatoria progresiva comúnmente causada por bacterias gramnegativas a través de la activación de la vía dependiente de NF-κB. La sepsis grave puede causar disfunción cardiaca y aumenta el riesgo de muerte. Artemisia lactiflora es una planta medicinal china que contiene fenólicos y flavonoides con probables actividades antiinflamatorias.
Objetivos: Investigar la actividad antiinflamatoria del extracto de hojas de A. lactiflora en un modelo de sepsis cardiaca.
Métodos: Las hojas de A. lactiflora se extrajeron y fraccionaron utilizando disolventes de diferentes polaridades. Se cuantificó el contenido total de fenoles y flavonoides. Los antioxidantes se cuantificaron in vitro utilizando radicales DPPH y ABTS. La citotoxicidad del extracto y las fracciones se evaluó y calculó mediante el ensayo del rojo neutro y el análisis de ajuste de curvas. La actividad antiinflamatoria de A. lactiflora se observó mediante el tratamiento con extracto y fracciones en presencia de Escherichia coli. La expresión de genes proinflamatorios (TNF e IL6) y la secreción de citocinas proinflamatorias (TNF-α e IL-6) se midieron mediante RT-qPCR y ELISA.
Resultados: El extracto y las fracciones de A. lactiflora contenían cantidades notablemente elevadas de fenoles y flavonoides con actividades anti-DPPH y anti-ABTS considerablemente altas. El tratamiento conjunto con extracto de A. lactiflora y todas las fracciones redujo significativamente la expresión de TNF e IL6, así como la secreción de TNF-α e IL-6 (p< 0,0001) en comparación con los cardiomioblastos estimulados con E. coli. La fracción de butanol fue la más potente a la hora de reducir la secreción de citocinas proinflamatorias en cardiomioblastos en condiciones de sepsis in vitro.
Conclusiones: El extracto de hoja de A. lactiflora demostró potencial terapéutico en un modelo de sepsis cardiaca al aliviar la respuesta inflamatoria. Esta planta puede desarrollarse potencialmente como medicina alternativa para la inflamación y la sepsis.
Palabras Clave: antiinflamatorio; Artemisia lactiflora; H9c2; modelo de sepsis.
Citation Format: Kooltheat N, Chaiissarapap A, Jienthaisong O, Mohlek N, Pankla Sranujit R, Nokkaew N (2024) Anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia lactiflora Wall. ex DC. extract and fractions in a rat cardiomyoblast (H9c2) model of inflammatory sepsis. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 12(3): 594–605. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1879_12.3.594
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