J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 444-458, Mar-Apr 2025.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres24.2100_13.2.444

Original Article

Anti-inflammatory effect of the total flavonoid content of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. in an experimental model of acute inflammation

[Efecto anti-inflamatorio del contenido total de flavonoides del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Senna alata (L.) Roxb. en un modelo experimental de inflamación aguda]

Haydee Chávez¹, Angel T. Alvarado^2*, Nesquen Tasayco-Yataco³, Mario Pineda Pérez⁴, Jorge A. García¹, María R. Bendezú¹, Felipe Surco-Laos¹, Juan J. Palomino-Jhong¹, Doris Laos-Anchante¹, Elizabeth J. Melgar-Merino¹, Nelly Vega-Ramos¹, Carmela Ferreyra-Paredes¹, Paulina Eliades Yarasca-Carlos⁵, Dante Fermín Calderón- Huamaní⁶, Mario Bolarte-Arteaga⁷, Berta Loja-Herrera⁸

¹Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, San Luis Gonzaga National University of Ica, 11004, Ica, Peru.

²Research Unit in Molecular Pharmacology and Genomic Medicine (UNIPHARMOGEM), VRI, San Ignacio de Loyola University, La Molina 15024, Lima, Peru.

³Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Norbert Wiener University, 15046, Lima, Peru.

⁴Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Scientific University of the South, UCSUR, Campus Villa II, 15067, Lima, Peru.

⁵Biological Sciences Faculty, San Luis Gonzaga National University of Ica, 11004, Ica, Peru.

⁶Faculty of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, San Luis Gonzaga National University of Ica, 11004, Ica, Peru.

⁷Human Medicine, Continental University, Los Olivos 15304, Lima, Peru.

⁸General Studies, FII, National University of San Marcos, 15081, Lima, Peru.

*E-mail: aalvarado@usil.edu.pe

Abstract

Context: Acute inflammation due to persistent stimulation of noxes evolves into chronic inflammation that contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, aging, and cancer; therefore, it is justified to study plants with anti-inflammatory activity and fewer adverse effects.

Aims: To evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of the total flavonoid content of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb (HELSA) in an experimental model of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in rats.

Methods: The total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm, total polyphenolic content (TPC) by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity by two in vitro methods. The oral median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was determined by the logarithmic method, and acute inflammation was induced by 1% carrageenan in rats.

Results: The TFC was 1.63 ± 0.02 mg QE/100 mg and TPC was 22.90 ± 0.05 mg GAE/100 mg. Antioxidant capacity: DPPH IC₅₀ 2.89 ± 0.04 µg/µL; ABTS 11.67 ± 0.03 mM TEAC/100 mg dry extract. Correlation relationship TFC/DPPH (r = -0.9941; R² = 0.9884), TFC/ABTS (r = 0.9971; R² = 0.9944), TPC/DPPH (r = 0.5694; R² = 0.3243) and TPC/ABTS (r = -0.5960; R² = 0.3553). The LD₅₀ was 9602 mg/kg. A significant decrease in rat paw edema (p<0.05) was evident from the first hour, in contrast to the negative control. The highest percentage of anti-inflammatory inhibition (75.75%) was at 7 hours with a dose of 500 mg/kg of HELSA, being higher than the effect of ibuprofen (39.40%) and lower than dexamethasone (87.87%).

Conclusions: The total flavonoid content and polyphenols of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of S. alata exhibit potential anti-inflammatory activity in a model of acute inflammation that should be examined with other experimental models to initiate clinical trials in humans.

Keywords: Senna alata; anti-inflammatory effect; flavonoids; biophenols; antioxidant activity in vitro.

Resumen

Contexto: La inflamación aguda por estimulación persistente de noxas evoluciona a inflamación crónica que contribuye a la patogénesis del asma, artritis, aterosclerosis, diabetes, envejecimiento, y cáncer; por ello, se justifica estudiar plantas con actividad antiinflamatoria y con menos efectos adversos.

Objetivos: Evaluar el potencial efecto antiinflamatorio del contenido total de flavonoides del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Senna alata (L.) Roxb (HELSA) en un modelo experimental de inflamación aguda inducida por carragenina en ratas.

Métodos: El contenido total de flavonoides (TFC) se determinó por espectrofotometría a 510 nm, contenido total polifenólico (TPC) por el método Folin-Ciocalteu y la actividad antioxidante por dos métodos in vitro. La dosis letal media oral (LD₅₀) se determinó por el método logarítmico y la inflamación aguda inducida por carragenina 1% en ratas.

Resultados: El TFC fue 1,63 ± 0,02 mg QE/100 mg y TPC fue 22,90 ± 0,05 mg GAE/100 mg. Actividad antioxidante: DPPH IC₅₀ 2,89 ± 0,04 µg/µL; ABTS 11,67 ± 0,03 mM TEAC/100 mg de extracto seco. Relación de correlación TFC/DPPH (r= -0,9941; R² = 0,9884), TFC/ABTS (r= 0,9971; R² = 0,9944), TPC/DPPH (r = 0,5694; R² = 0,3243) y TPC/ABTS (r = -0,5960; R² = 0,3553). La DL₅₀ fue 9602 mg/kg. Se evidenció disminución significativa del edema de la pata de rata (p<0.05) desde la primera hora, en contraste con el control negativo. El mayor porcentaje de inhibición antiinflamatoria (75,75 %) fue a las 7 horas con una dosis de 500 mg/kg de HELSA, siendo superior al efecto del ibuprofeno (39,40%) y menor a la dexametasona (87,87%).

Conclusiones: El contenido total de flavonoides y polifenoles del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de S. alata exhiben potencial actividad antiinflamatoria en un modelo de inflamación aguda que debería examinarse con otros modelos experimentales para iniciar los ensayos clínicos en humanos.

Palabras Clave: actividad antioxidante in vitro; biofenoles; efecto antiinflamatorio; flavonoides; Senna alata.

 

https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol13/jppres24.2100_13.2.444.pdf

 

 

Citation Format: Chávez H, Alvarado AT, Tasayco N, Pineda M, García JA, Bendezú MR, Surco F, Palomino JJ, Laos D, Melgar EJ, Vega N, Ferreyra C, Yarasca PE, Calderon DF, Bolarte M, Loja B (2025) Anti-inflammatory effect of the total flavonoid content of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. in an experimental model of acute inflammation. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 13(1): 444–458. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres24.2100_13.2.444

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