Category Archives: renoprotective

Nephroprotection of Cupressus macrocarpa and Dioon edule

Analytical Chemistry, biochemical markers, Medicinal Plants, Nephroprotection, Nephrotoxicity, Phytochemistry, renoprotective
J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(5): 434-448, 2020.

Original Article

Protective effect of Cupressus macrocarpa and Dioon edule against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

[Efecto protector de Cupressus macrocarpa y Dioon edule contra la nefrotoxicidad inducida por gentamicina en ratas]

Ghada Mohammad Al-Ashmawy1, Suzy Abd El-Hakeem El-Sherbeni2*

1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University. El-Gharbia, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
2Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University. El-Gharbia, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
Abstract

Context: It has been reported that Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon (Cupressaceae) and Dioon edule Lindl. (Zamiaceae) contain compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; therefore, they may exert a nephroprotective effect.

Aims: To explore the renoprotective effect of C. macrocarpa and D. edule and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Ten male Wister rats were used for each group of control (1% CMC in saline), gentamicin (GM, 40 mg/kg), D. edule leaves methanol extract (DLM), C. macrocarpa leaves combined petroleum ether and methanol extract (CLEM) and C. macrocarpa roots methanol extract (CRM). Rats were orally administered the extracts (250 mg/kg) daily concomitantly for 9 days with GM. Evaluation of kidney function, histopathology and measuring renal AMPK-α1, NF-κB and iNOS genes expression were carried out. There were no symptoms of systemic adverse effects in any treated group.

Results: Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) was significantly reduced by CLEM (24.0 ± 1.205) and CRM (22.889 ± 1.250). Creatinine (mg/dL) was significantly decreased by CLEM (0.59 ± 0.022) and CRM (0.580 ± 0.029). Gene expression of AMPK-α1 enhanced by CLEM (16.717 ± 0.430), CRM (19.18 ± 0.871), DLM (0.417 ± 0.020). iNOS was downregulated by CLEM (0.9 ± 0.056), CRM (1.53 ± 0.044), and DLM (1.642 ± 0.050). NF-κB was decreased by CLEM (1.148 ± 0.076), CRM (0.918 ± 0.065), and DLM (1.783 ± 0.071). CRM and CLEM exhibited normal to mild renal degeneration and mild to moderate expression of iNOS.

Conclusions: C. macrocarpa extracts exhibited significant renoprotective effect and could be considered as a new promising strategy against renal complications.

Keywords: AMPK-α1; blood urea nitrogen; creatinine; iNOS; NF-κB.

Resumen

Contexto: Se ha informado que Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon (Cupressaceae) y Dioon edule Lindl. (Zamiaceae) contienen compuestos con efectos antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios; por lo tanto, pueden ejercer un efecto nefroprotector.

Objetivos: Explorar el efecto renoprotector de C. macrocarpa y D. edule y los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes.

Métodos: Se utilizaron diez ratas Wister macho para cada grupo de control (1% de CMC en solución salina), gentamicina (GM, 40 mg / kg), extracto metanólico de hojas de D. edule (DLM), extracto combinado de éter de petróleo y metanol de hojas de C. macrocarpa (CLEM) y extracto metanólico de raíces de C. macrocarpa (CRM). A las ratas se les administraron por vía oral los extractos (250 mg/kg) diariamente, de forma concomitante con GM, durante 9 días. Se evaluaron función renal, histopatología y medición de la expresión de genes AMPK-α1, NF-κB e iNOS renales. No hubo síntomas de efectos adversos sistémicos en ningún grupo tratado.

Resultados: El nitrógeno ureico en sangre (mg/dL) se redujo significativamente por CLEM (24,0 ± 1,205) y CRM (22,889 ± 1,250). La creatinina (mg/dL) disminuyó significativamente en CLEM (0,59 ± 0,022) y CRM (0,580 ± 0,029). Expresión génica de AMPK-α1 aumentó para CLEM (16,717 ± 0,430), CRM (19,18 ± 0,871) y DLM (0,417 ± 0,020). iNOS fue regulado negativamente por CLEM (0,9 ± 0,056), CRM (1,53 ± 0,044) y DLM (1,642 ± 0,050). NF-κB se redujo en CLEM (1,148 ± 0,076), CRM (0,918 ± 0,065) y DLM (1,783 ± 0,071). CRM y CLEM exhibieron degeneración renal normal a leve y una expresión leve a moderada de iNOS.

Conclusiones: Los extractos de C. macrocarpa exhibieron un efecto renoprotector significativo y podrían considerarse como una nueva estrategia prometedora contra las complicaciones renales.

Palabras Clave: AMPK-α1; creatinine; iNOS; NF-κB; nitrógeno ureico sanguíneo.

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Citation Format: Al-Ashmawy GM, El-Sherbeni SA (2020) Protective effect of Cupressus macrocarpa and Dioon edule against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(5): 434–448.

© 2020 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (JPPRes)

Nephroprotective activity of Pterocarpus marsupium

Antioxidant, biochemical markers, Biochemistry, Diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, Oxidative Stress, oxidative stress markers, Pterocarpus marsupium, renoprotective
J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 4(5): 174-186, 2016.

Original Article | Artículo Original

Nephroprotective role of alcoholic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood against experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy

[Papel nefroprotector del extracto alcohólico del duramen de Pterocarpus marsupium contra la nefropatía diabética inducida experimentalmente]

Pankaj Gupta1*, Preeti Sharma2, Kumari Shanno3, Vivek Jain3, Ashutosh Pareek3, Priyanka Agarwal4, Randhir Singh5, Veena Sharma2*

1Department of Pharmacology, DDPR Central Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Noida, India.
2Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapeeth University, Banasthali, India.
3Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapeeth University, Banasthali, India.
4Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India.
5College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Harayana, India.

*E-mail: pankajgupta77@gmail.com (PG); drvshs@gmail.com (VS)

Abstract

Context: Heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium has been widely reported for its effect on diabetes clinical or preclinically. However, role in diabetic complications is yet to be revealed.

Aims: To investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupiumin experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Methods: The streptozotocin (STZ) 55 mg/kg, i.p., once daily induced diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats. These animals were treated orally with alcoholic extract of P. marsupium (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) or glimepiride (10 mg/kg) for 60 days. Body weight, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), biochemical markers of renal function were estimated on day 30 and at the end of study (day 60). Kidney weight measurement, oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation (TBARS), catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione were estimated in kidney tissues, and histopathological evaluation was carried out at the end of study period.

Results: The administration of an alcoholic extract of P. marsupium showed a decrease in blood glucose, HBA1c, kidney weight, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, urea, urine volume, urine albumin and the level of TBARS. While the increase in urine creatinine, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were observed when compared to the diabetic control group. This effect was observed significantly at the highest dose of the plant extract. The histopathological study also confirmed that alcoholic extract prevented structural kidney damage.

Conclusions: These results suggest that the alcoholic extract of P. marsupium has renoprotective effects against STZ induced diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: Antioxidant; biochemical markers; diabetic nephropathy; oxidative stress markers; Pterocarpus marsupium; renoprotective.

Resumen

Contexto: El duramen de Pterocarpus marsupium ha sido reportado ampliamente por su efecto sobre la diabetes, tanto clínica o preclínicamente. Sin embargo, el papel de las complicaciones diabéticas aún no se ha revelado.

Objetivos: Investigar el efecto del extracto alcohólico del duramen de Pterocarpus marsupiumin sobre la nefropatía diabética inducida experimentalmente en ratas.

Métodos: La estreptozotocina (STZ) 55 mg/kg, i.p., indujo diabetes en ratas Sprague-Dawley. Los animales se trataron oralmente con extracto alcohólico de P. marsupium (100, 200 y 400 mg/kg) o glimepirida (10 mg/kg) durante 60 días. El peso corporal, la glucosa en sangre, la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), los marcadores bioquímicos de la función renal se determinaron en el día 30 y al final del estudio (día 60). El peso del riñón, los marcadores de estrés oxidativo, tales como peroxidación lipídica (TBARS), catalasa, superóxido dismutasa y glutatión reducido se estimaron en los tejidos renales. La evaluación histopatológica se llevó a cabo al final del período de estudio.

Resultados: El extracto alcohólico de P. marsupium mostró una disminución en la glucosa en sangre, la HbA1c, el peso del riñón, creatinina sérica, nitrógeno ureico en sangre, ácido úrico en suero, urea, el volumen de orina, la albúmina de la orina y la concentración de TBARS. Se observó el aumento de la creatinina en orina, la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa y el glutatión en comparación con el grupo de control diabético. Este efecto se observó significativamente en la dosis más alta del extracto vegetal. El estudio histopatológico confirmó también que el extracto alcohólico impidió el daño renal estructural.

Conclusiones: El extracto alcohólico de P. marsupium tiene efectos nefroprotectores contra la nefropatía diabética inducida por STZ.

Palabras Clave: Antioxidante; marcadores bioquímicos; marcadores de estrés oxidativo; nefropatía diabética; Pterocarpus marsupium; renoprotectivo.

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Citation Format: Gupta P, Sharma P, Shanno K, Jain V, Pareek A, Agarwal P, Singh R, Sharma V (2016) Nephroprotective role of alcoholic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood against experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 4(5): 174-186.

© 2016 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (JPPRes)