J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 857-864, September-October 2022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres22.1434_10.5.857
Original Article
Effect of cocoa administration during orthodontic tooth movement on RUNX2, calcium levels, and osteoclast bone-resorbing activity in rats
[Efecto de la administración de cacao durante el movimiento dental ortodóncico sobre RUNX2, los niveles de calcio y la actividad de reabsorción ósea de los osteoclastos en ratas]
Ananto Ali Alhasyimi*, Pinandi Sri Pudyani
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
*E-mail: anantoali@ugm.ac.id
Abstract
Context: Cocoa contains caffeine-rich methylxanthine, which promotes accelerated orthodontic tooth movement. Caffeine affects calcium ion equilibrium, causing low bone density and shortening orthodontic treatment. It is unclear how cocoa affects periodontal tissue reconstruction when orthodontic stress is applied.
Aims: To evaluate the effect of cocoa administration during active orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on RUNX2, calcium levels, and osteoclast bone-resorbing activity in rats.
Methods: A total of 48 Sprague Dawley rats were used. It was divided into four subgroups depending on the observation day: 0, 1, 7, and 14 (n = 3) for each group of 12 animals: group A (positive control, 2.3 mg of caffeine), group B (cocoa dose 1.37 g), group C (cocoa dose 2.05 g), and group D (cocoa dose 2.74 g).). The upper incisors of both groups were banded with a 3-spin loop spring that exerted 35 g of orthodontic force under anesthesia. Cocoa was given orally to the treatment group once a day based on the dose utilized. RUNX2 levels during OTM were determined by ELISA. Furthermore, lacuna resorption measured osteoclast bone-resorbing activity and the atomic absorption spectrophotometer assessed calcium levels. Data gathered were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD (p<0.05).
Results: RUNX2 levels in the compression side were significantly different between the groups. Similarly, lacuna resorption depth was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05), but daily cocoa administration does not significantly downregulate calcium levels in rats during active OTM (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Cocoa supplementation during active OTM increases the RUNX2 levels and osteoclast bone-resorbing activity in rats.
Keywords: extraction; calcium; cocoa; orthodontic; osteoclast; RUNX2.
Resumen
Contexto: El cacao contiene metilxantina rica en cafeína, que promueve el movimiento ortodóncico acelerado de los dientes. La cafeína afecta el equilibrio de los iones de calcio, provocando una baja densidad ósea y acortando el tratamiento de ortodoncia. No está claro cómo el cacao afecta la reconstrucción del tejido periodontal cuando se aplica estrés de ortodoncia.
Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de la administración de cacao durante el movimiento dental ortodóncico activo (OTM) sobre RUNX2, los niveles de calcio y la actividad de reabsorción ósea de los osteoclastos en ratas.
Métodos: Se utilizaron un total de 48 ratas Sprague Dawley. Se dividió en cuatro subgrupos según el día de observación: 0, 1, 7 y 14 (n = 3) para cada grupo de 12 animales: grupo A (control positivo, 2,3 mg de cafeína), grupo B (dosis de cacao 1,37 g), grupo C (dosis de cacao 2,05 g), y grupo D (dosis de cacao 2,74 g). Los incisivos superiores de ambos grupos se vendaron con un resorte de bucle de 3 giros que ejerció 35 g de fuerza ortodóncica bajo anestesia. Se administró cacao por vía oral al grupo de tratamiento una vez al día en función de la dosis utilizada. Los niveles de RUNX2 durante OTM se determinaron mediante ELISA. Además, la reabsorción de la laguna midió la actividad de reabsorción ósea de los osteoclastos y el espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica evaluó los niveles de calcio. Los datos recopilados se analizaron mediante ANOVA de dos vías y LSD post hoc (p<0,05).
Resultados: Los niveles de RUNX2 en el lado de compresión fueron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos. De manera similar, la profundidad de reabsorción de la laguna fue significativamente diferente entre los grupos (p<0,05), pero la administración diaria de cacao no regula significativamente los niveles de calcio en ratas durante la OTM activa (p>0,05).
Conclusiones: La suplementación con cacao durante la OTM activa aumenta los niveles de RUNX2 y la actividad de reabsorción ósea de los osteoclastos en ratas.
Palabras Clave: cacao; calcio; ortodoncia; osteoclasto; RUNX2.
Citation Format: Alhasyimi AA, Pudyani PS (2022) Effect of cocoa administration during orthodontic tooth movement on RUNX2, calcium levels, and osteoclast bone-resorbing activity in rats. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 10(5): 857–864. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres22.1434_10.5.857
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