J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 73-90, Jan-Feb 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1735_12.1.73
Original Article
Structure elucidation of active compounds from Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner cascara and their potential as anticancer against breast cancer cells
[Elucidación estructural de compuestos activos de la cáscara de Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner y su potencial como anticancerígeno contra células de cáncer de mama]
Novi Fajar Utami1,2, Berna Elya1*, Hayun1, Kusmardi Kusmardi3,4,5
1Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424 West Java, Indonesia.
2Faculty of Math and Science, Universitas Pakuan, Jl. Raya Pakuan 1 Bogor, Indonesia.
3Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430 Indonesia.
4Drug Development Research Cluster, Indonesia Medical Educational and Research Institute, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia.
5Human Cancer Research Cluster, Indonesia Medical Educational and Research Institute, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia.
*E-mail: berna.elya@famasi.ui.ac.id
Abstract
Context: One approach to cancer therapy medication is exploring medicinal plants that contain one or more compounds specifically targeting cancer cells with fewer side effects. Cascara from coffee fruit (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) is a waste rarely processed but has various chemical contents that can be used in medicine.
Aims: To evaluate the in silico and in vitro activity of compounds isolated from ethanolic extract of C. canephora cascara against HeLa and MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Methods: Isolation of the compounds by radial chromatography and thin layer chromatography techniques, and the chemical structures were elucidated by infrared radiation, ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In silico study about the compounds binding with the receptor responsibility to cancer (caspases 3 and 9). In vitro study by examining the cytotoxicity of HeLa and MCF-7 cells of the isolated compounds from C. canephora.
Results: Four known bioactive compounds, lupeol (1), stigmasterol (2), ursolic acid (3), and caffeic acid (4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of C. canephora cascara. Based on the ESI-MS results, the m/z value for lupeol was 427.50 [M+H]+, stigmasterol was 454.48 [M+ACN+H]+, ursolic acid was 456.51 [M+H]+, and caffeic acid was 179 [M-H]. In silico and in vitro data show that the ursolic acid compound has activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values of 25.98 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 12.70 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively.
Conclusions: All isolated compounds from C. canephora cascara have a promising ability to interact with caspases 3 and 9, particularly ursolic acid, which has the smallest IC50 value against HeLa and MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Keywords: cancer; cascara; cytotoxicity; in silico; in vitro; peel.
Resumen
Contexto: Uno de los enfoques de la medicación para el tratamiento del cáncer es la exploración de plantas medicinales que contengan uno o más compuestos dirigidos específicamente contra las células cancerosas con menos efectos secundarios. La cáscara del fruto del café (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) es un residuo raramente procesado pero tiene diversos contenidos químicos que pueden utilizarse en medicina.
Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad in silico e in vitro de los compuestos aislados del extracto etanólico de la cáscara de C. canephora frente a células de cáncer de mama HeLa y MCF-7.
Métodos: Aislamiento de los compuestos mediante técnicas de cromatografía radial y cromatografía en capa fina, y las estructuras químicas se dilucidaron mediante radiación infrarroja, ultravioleta, espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear y espectrometría de masas. Estudio in silico sobre la unión de los compuestos con el receptor responsable del cáncer (caspasas 3 y 9). Estudio in vitro examinando la citotoxicidad de las células HeLa y MCF-7 de los compuestos aislados de C. canephora.
Resultados: Se aislaron cuatro compuestos bioactivos conocidos, lupeol (1), estigmasterol (2), ácido ursólico (3) y ácido cafeico (4), a partir del extracto etanólico de la cáscara de C. canephora. Según los resultados de la ESI-MS, el valor m/z del lupeol fue de 427,50 [M+H]+, el del estigmasterol fue de 454,48 [M+ACN+H]+, el del ácido ursólico fue de 456,51 [M+H]+, y el del ácido cafeico fue de 179 [M-H]. Los datos in silico e in vitro muestran que el compuesto de ácido ursólico tiene actividad contra las células cancerosas HeLa y MCF-7 con valores de IC50 de 25,98 ± 0,01 µg/mL y 12,70 ± 0,11 µg/mL, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Todos los compuestos aislados de la cáscara de C. canephora tienen una prometedora capacidad para interaccionar con las caspasas 3 y 9, en particular el ácido ursólico, que presenta el menor valor de IC50 frente a las células de cáncer de mama HeLa y MCF-7.
Palabras Clave: cáncer; cáscara; citotoxicidad; in silico; in vitro.
Citation Format: Novi F, Berna E, Hayun, Kusmardi K (2024) Structure elucidation of active compounds from Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner cascara and their potential as anticancer against breast cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 12(1): 73–90. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1735_12.1.73
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