Cytotoxic and antioxidant capacity of Lotus species

Excerpt:


J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(6): 537-548, 2020. Original Article Comparative study of two Lotus species: Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity [Estudio comparativo de dos especies de Lotus: Fitoquímica, citotoxicidad y capacidad antioxidante] Ahmed M. M. Youssef1*, Zeinb A. S. EL-Swaify2, Doaa A. M. Maaty2, Mohamed M. Youssef2 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak, … Continue reading Cytotoxic and antioxidant capacity of Lotus species

J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(6): 537-548, 2020.

Original Article

Comparative study of two Lotus species: Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity

[Estudio comparativo de dos especies de Lotus: Fitoquímica, citotoxicidad y capacidad antioxidante]

Ahmed M. M. Youssef1*, Zeinb A. S. EL-Swaify2, Doaa A. M. Maaty2, Mohamed M. Youssef2

1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak, Jordan.
2Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar, University, Girl Branch, Cairo, Egypt.
Abstract

Context: Phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in Lotus arabicus and L. glaber have not been identified yet. Also, no reports are demonstrating the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of both lotus species. Therefore, it is interesting to study the anticancer effects and antioxidant capacity of them.

Aims: To identify and evaluate the potential cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of methanol extracts of two Lotus species.

Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the potential compounds of the methanol extracts of both Lotus species. The cytotoxic activity of each methanol extract of the Lotus arabicus and L. glaber was investigated against seven cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The cell viability was quantitated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was estimated and compared with doxorubicin. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of them was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPHH) assay, and the scavenging percentage was calculated and compared with ascorbic acid.

Results: The identified and quantitated phenolic compounds of the methanol extracts of both Lotus species were 17 phenolic acids and 16 flavonoids. The results showed that the active constituents of L. arabicus had cytotoxic activities against prostate cancer (IC50 = 401 ± 5 µg/mL), colon cancer (IC50 = 511 ± 181 µg/mL) and breast cancer (IC50 = 978 ± 54 µg/mL) greater than L. glaber which showed cytotoxic activities against prostate cancer (IC50 = 5094 ± 531 µg/mL), colon cancer (IC50 = 6522 ± 272 µg/mL) and breast cancer (IC50 = 2964 ± 404 µg/mL) in comparison with doxorubicin.

Conclusions: L. arabicus may have active constituents that could be used for the treatment of prostate, colon or lung cancer. Therefore, isolation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds exist in L. arabicus may be required in the future.

Keywords: cancer; flavonoid; HPLC; Lotus arabicus; Lotus glaber; phenolic compound.

Resumen

Contexto: Aún no se han identificado compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides presentes en Lotus arabicus y L. glaber. Además, no hay informes que demuestren las actividades citotóxicas y antioxidantes de ambas especies de loto. Por tanto, es interesante estudiar los efectos anticancerígenos y la capacidad antioxidante de los mismos.

Objetivos: Identificar y evaluar las potenciales actividades citotóxicas y antioxidantes de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides de extractos metanólicos de dos especies de Lotus.

Métodos: Se utilizó cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) para identificar y cuantificar los compuestos potenciales de los extractos de metanol de ambas especies de Lotus. Se investigó la actividad citotóxica de cada extracto metanólico de Lotus arabicus y L. glaber frente a siete líneas celulares cancerosas y una línea celular normal. La viabilidad celular se cuantificó mediante el ensayo de bromuro de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolio (MTT), y se estimó la concentración inhibidora cincuenta (IC50) y se comparó con la doxorrubicina. Además, se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante de los mismos mediante ensayo de 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil-hidrato (DPHH), y se calculó el porcentaje de captación y se comparó con el ácido ascórbico.

Resultados: Los compuestos fenólicos identificados y cuantificados de los extractos de metanol de ambas especies de Lotus fueron 17 ácidos fenólicos y 16 flavonoides. Los resultados mostraron que los componentes activos de L. arabicus tenían actividades citotóxicas contra el cáncer de próstata (IC50 = 401 ± 5 µg/mL), cáncer de colon (IC50 = 511 ± 181 µg/mL) y cáncer de mama (IC50 = 978 ± 54 µg/mL) mayor que L. glaber que mostró actividades citotóxicas contra cáncer de próstata (IC50 = 5094 ± 531 µg/mL), cáncer de colon (IC50 = 6522 ± 272 µg/mL) y cáncer de mama (IC50 = 2964 ± 404 µg/mL) en comparación con la doxorrubicina.

Conclusiones: L. arabicus puede tener componentes activos que podrían usarse para el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata, colon o pulmón. Por lo tanto, es posible que en el futuro sea necesario aislar los compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides existentes en L. arabicus.

Palabras Clave: cáncer; compuesto fenólico; flavonoide; HPLC; Lotus arabicus; Lotus glaber.

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Citation Format: Youssef AM, EL-Swaify ZA, Maaty DA, Youssef MM (2020) Comparative study of two Lotus species: Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(6): 537–548.

© 2020 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (JPPRes)

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