Cytotoxic saponins of Chamaecostus subsessilis

Excerpt:


J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(5): 466-474, 2020. Original Article Saponins from the rhizomes of Chamaecostus subsessilis and their cytotoxic activity against HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells [Saponinas de los rizomas de Chamaecostus subsessilis y su actividad citotóxica contra las células de leucemia promielocítica humana HL60] Ezequias Pessoa de Siqueira1, Ana Carolina Soares Braga1, Fernando Galligani2, Elaine Maria … Continue reading Cytotoxic saponins of Chamaecostus subsessilis

J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(5): 466-474, 2020.

Original Article

Saponins from the rhizomes of Chamaecostus subsessilis and their cytotoxic activity against HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells

[Saponinas de los rizomas de Chamaecostus subsessilis y su actividad citotóxica contra las células de leucemia promielocítica humana HL60]

Ezequias Pessoa de Siqueira1, Ana Carolina Soares Braga1, Fernando Galligani2, Elaine Maria de Souza-Fagundes2, Betania Barros Cota1*

1Laboratory of Chemistry of Bioactive Natural Products, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Belo Horizonte, 30.190-009, Brazil.
2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil.
Abstract

Context: Species of the Costaceae family have been traditionally used for the treatment of infections, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Chamaecostus subsessilis (Nees & Mart.) C. D. Specht & D.W. Stev. (Costaceae) is a native medicinal plant with distribution in the Cerrado forest ecosystem of Central Brazil. In our previous work, the antitumor potential of the chloroform fraction (CHCl3 Fr) from rhizomes ethanol extract (REEX) of C. subsessilis was determined against a series of tumor cell lines (HL60, Jurkat, MDA-MB231, MCF-7, HTC-116 and THP-1) using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay.

Aims: To isolate and identify the cytotoxic compounds present in CHCl3 Fr from REEX of C. subsessilis.

Methods: The bio-guided chromatographic fractionation of the CHCl3 Fr was performed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (prep-TLC). The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) and human embryonic renal non-tumor cell lineage (HEK-293) by MTT assay.

Results: Dioscin and gracillin were identified as active compounds from CHCl3 Fr from REEX of C. subsessilis. They showed IC50 values of 5.3 µM and 14.0 µM, respectively, against HL60 cells, but they did not demonstrate selectivity compared to HEK-293 cells.

Conclusions: These results corroborate with the popular use of species of the Costaceae family as a source of antitumor agents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these saponins are isolated from this species.

Keywords: Chamaecostus subsessilis; Costaceae; cytotoxic activity; saponins; tumor cell line.

Resumen

Contexto: Las especies de la familia Costaceae se han utilizado tradicionalmente para el tratamiento de infecciones, tumores y enfermedades inflamatorias. Chamaecostus subsessilis (Nees y Mart.) C. D. Specht y D.W. Stev. (Costaceae) es una planta medicinal nativa con distribución en el ecosistema forestal Cerrado del centro de Brasil. En nuestro trabajo anterior, el potencial antitumoral de la fracción de cloroformo (CHCl3 Fr) del extracto de etanol de rizomas (REEX) de C. subsessilis se determinó frente a una serie de líneas celulares tumorales (HL60, Jurkat, MDA-MB231, MCF-7, HTC -116 y THP-1) utilizando el ensayo colorimétrico baseado en bromuro de 3-(4, 5-dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2, 5-difeniltetrazolio (MTT).

Objetivos: Aislar e identificar los compuestos citotóxicos presentes en CHCl3 Fr de REEX de C. subsessilis.

Métodos: El fraccionamiento cromatográfico bioguiado del CHCl3 Fr se realizó mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) y cromatografía preparativa de capa fina (prep-CCF). La citotoxicidad de los compuestos aislados se evaluó frente a las células de leucemia promielocítica humana (HL60) y el linaje de células no tumorales renales embrionarias humanas (HEK-293) mediante el ensayo MTT.

Resultados: Dioscina y gracillin se identificaron como compuestos activos de CHCl3 Fr de REEX de C. subsessilis. Ellos mostraron valores de CI50 de 5,3 µM y 14,0 µM, respectivamente, contra células HL60, pero no demostraron selectividad en comparación con las células HEK-293.

Conclusiones: Estos resultados corroboran con el uso popular de especies de la familia Costaceae como fuente de agentes antitumorales. Hasta donde sabemos, esta es la primera vez que estas saponinas se aíslan de esta especie.

Palabras Clave: actividad citotóxica; Chamaecostus subsessilis; Costaceae; línea celular tumoral; saponinas.

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Citation Format: Siqueira EP, Galligani F, Braga ACS, Souza-Fagundes EM, Cota BB (2020) Saponins from the rhizomes of Chamaecostus subsessilis and their cytotoxic activity against HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(5): 466–474.

© 2020 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (JPPRes)

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