Khat-drug interactions: A systematic review

Excerpt:


J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 9(3): 333-343, 2021. Review Khat-drug interactions: A systematic review [Interacciones khat-medicamentos: una revisión sistemática] Nabil Ahmed Albaser1,2*, Abdel-Wahab H. Mohamad2, Mohammed Amood AL-Kamarany3 1Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy, AL Razi University, Sana’a, Yemen. 2Department of Therapeutics, Pharmacy College, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan. 3Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, … Continue reading Khat-drug interactions: A systematic review



J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 9(3): 333-343, 2021.

Review

Khat-drug interactions: A systematic review

[Interacciones khat-medicamentos: una revisión sistemática]

Nabil Ahmed Albaser1,2*, Abdel-Wahab H. Mohamad2, Mohammed Amood AL-Kamarany3

1Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pharmacy, AL Razi University, Sana’a, Yemen.

2Department of Therapeutics, Pharmacy College, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan.

3Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen.

*E-mail: nabil4@yemen.net.ye; nabilalbaser2020@gmail.com

Abstract

Context: Consumption of khat leaves has been disseminated worldwide with the migration of its users from Arabia and Africa. Despite numerous reports regarding the associations of khat chewing with serious health impacts, a significant number of people worldwide uses khat daily, especially in its origin countries. The risk of co-administration of khat and drugs (prescription and over the-counter medications) is high among these individuals, leading to increase probability of adverse khat-drug interactions. The likelihood of khat-drug interactions could be higher than drug-drug interactions because drugs usually contain single chemical entities while almost all herbs (including khat) contain mixtures of pharmacologically active constituents.

Aims: To review the literatures on how khat interacts with some drugs and whether it is favorable or not.

Methods: The study was conducted as a systematic review. The electronic literature searches were made in Google search engine to access publications from databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using the keywords ‘khat’, ‘Catha edulis’ in combination with the terms ‘drug interaction’, ‘adverse-effects’, ‘side effects’, ‘adverse drug reaction’, ‘safety’, and ‘toxicity’ to identify relevant articles.

Results: A total of 250 articles was identified, and these articles were checked in terms of title, abstract, and content according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 18 articles were included in the study. The khat use significantly interact with most drugs and may cause unpredictable pharmacological sequences.

Conclusions: Healthcare providers suggest patients` khat abstinence during medication process. Future studies need to investigate the khat- clinical drugs interactions especially with chronic used drugs.

Keywords: Catha edulis; cathinone; drug interactions; drug metabolizing enzymes; khat.

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Resumen

Contexto: El consumo de hojas de khat se ha difundido en todo el mundo con la migración de sus usuarios desde Arabia y África. A pesar de los numerosos informes sobre las asociaciones de masticar khat con graves impactos en la salud, un número significativo de personas en todo el mundo usa khat a diario, especialmente en sus países de origen. El riesgo de coadministración de khat y medicamentos (medicamentos recetados y de venta libre) es alto entre estos individuos, lo que aumenta la probabilidad de interacciones adversas entre ellos. La probabilidad de interacciones entre el khat y el fármaco podría ser mayor que la de las interacciones entre fármacos porque los fármacos suelen contener entidades químicas únicas, mientras que casi todas las hierbas (incluido el khat) contienen mezclas de componentes farmacológicamente activos.

Objetivos: Revisar la literatura sobre cómo interactúa el khat con algunas drogas y si es favorable o no.

Métodos: El estudio se realizó como una revisión sistemática. Las búsquedas de literatura electrónica se realizaron en el motor de búsqueda de Google para acceder a publicaciones de bases de datos como PubMed, Google Scholar y Cochrane utilizando las palabras clave ‘khat’, ‘Catha edulis’ en combinación con los términos ‘interacción farmacológica’, ‘efectos adversos’, ‘efectos secundarios’, ‘reacción adversa a un fármaco’, ‘seguridad’ y ‘toxicidad’ para identificar artículos relevantes.

Resultados: Se identificó un total de 250 artículos y se verificaron estos en términos de título, resumen y contenido según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Finalmente, 18 artículos fueron incluidos en el estudio. El uso de khat interactúa significativamente con la mayoría de los fármacos y puede provocar secuencias farmacológicas impredecibles.

Conclusiones: Los proveedores de atención médica recomiendan la abstinencia de khat de los pacientes durante el proceso de medicación. Los estudios futuros deben investigar las interacciones entre el khat y los fármacos, especialmente con los fármacos de uso crónico.

Palabras Clave: Catha edulis; catinona; enzimas metabolizadoras de fármacos; interacciones con fármacos; khat.

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Citation Format: Albaser NA, Mohamad AWH, AL-Kamarany MA (2021) Khat-drug interactions: A systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 9(3): 333–343.

© 2021 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (JPPRes)

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