Protective effect of Erythrina senegalensis extracts

Excerpt:


J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(4): 247-259, 2020. Original Article Protective effect of Erythrina senegalensis sequential extracts against oxidative stress in SC-1 fibroblasts and THP-1 macrophages [Efecto protector de los extractos secuenciales de Erythrina senegalensis contra el estrés oxidativo en fibroblastos SC-1 y macrófagos THP-1] Ewura S. Yahaya1,2*, Werner Cordier1, Paul A. Steenkamp3, Vanessa Steenkamp1 1Department of Pharmacology, … Continue reading Protective effect of Erythrina senegalensis extracts

J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(4): 247-259, 2020.

Original Article

Protective effect of Erythrina senegalensis sequential extracts against oxidative stress in SC-1 fibroblasts and THP-1 macrophages

[Efecto protector de los extractos secuenciales de Erythrina senegalensis contra el estrés oxidativo en fibroblastos SC-1 y macrófagos THP-1]

Ewura S. Yahaya1,2*, Werner Cordier1, Paul A. Steenkamp3, Vanessa Steenkamp1

1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
3Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa.
Abstract

Context: Erythrina senegalensis (ES) DC. is used traditionally in the management of various free radical-related diseases, including wound healing.

Aims: To evaluate sequentially prepared leaf extracts of ES for the ability to protect against oxidative stress in fibroblasts and macrophages.

Methods: Sequential extracts were prepared using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water in increasing polarity. Chemical profiling was done with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Cytotoxic potential was determined using the sulforhodamine B staining assay, phase contrast, PlasDIC, and live/dead staining microscopy. The ability to scavenge the ABTS and DPPH free radicals was assessed, while the effect on AAPH-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) release.

Results: A previously reported compound (neobavaisoflavone), and three others (kaempferol, rutin, and rotenone) were tentatively detected. With regards to cytotoxicity, no IC50 could be determined up to the highest concentration tested (100 µg/mL) in both THP-1 and SC-1 cells. The methanol extract displayed the greatest antioxidant activity against the free radicals (IC50 = 44.86 µg/mL [ABTS]; 291.1 µg/mL [DPPH]) and AAPH-induced intracellular ROS in macrophages (1.0-fold reduction at 100 µg/mL). The protective effect of the extracts (1 – 100 µg/mL) was comparable to the positive control (Trolox), which decreased ROS by 1.30-fold at 5 µg/mL.

Conclusions: A significant ability to protect against oxidative stress was exhibited by extracts from ES, with no observed cytotoxicity. Secondary metabolites from the plant may have potential for use as alternative medicines in ROS-induced diseases such as chronic wounds.

Keywords: antioxidant activity; cytotoxicity; oxidative stress; wounds.

Resumen

Contexto: Erythrina senegalensis (ES) DC. se usa tradicionalmente en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades relacionadas con los radicales libres, incluida la curación de heridas.

Objetivos: Evaluar extractos de hojas de ES preparados secuencialmente para la capacidad de proteger contra el estrés oxidativo en fibroblastos y macrófagos.

Métodos: Los extractos se prepararon usando hexano, acetato de etilo, metanol y agua en polaridad creciente. La elaboración de perfiles químicos se realizó con cromatografía líquida de ultra alto rendimiento junto con espectrometría de masas (UPLC-MS). El potencial citotóxico se determinó usando el ensayo de tinción con sulforodamina B, contraste de fase, PlasDIC y microscopía de tinción viva/muerta. Se evaluó la capacidad de eliminar los radicales libres ABTS y DPPH, mientras que el efecto sobre el estrés oxidativo inducido por AAPH midiendo la liberación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS).

Resultados: Un compuesto previamente informado (neobavaisoflavona) y otros tres (kaempferol, rutina y rotenona) fueron detectados tentativamente. Con respecto a la citotoxicidad, no se pudo determinar la CI50 hasta la concentración más alta probada (100 µg/mL) en las células THP-1 y SC-1. El extracto de metanol mostró la mayor actividad antioxidante contra los radicales libres [IC50 = 44,86 µg/mL (ABTS); 291,1 µg/mL (DPPH)] y ROS intracelular inducida por AAPH en macrófagos (reducción de 1,0 vez a 100 µg/mL). El efecto protector de los extractos (1 – 100 µg/mL) fue comparable al control positivo (Trolox), que disminuyó las ROS en 1,30 veces a 5 µg/mL.

Conclusiones: Los extractos de ES exhibieron una capacidad significativa para proteger contra el estrés oxidativo, sin citotoxicidad observada. Los metabolitos secundarios de la planta pueden tener potencial para su uso como medicamentos alternativos en enfermedades inducidas por ROS tales como heridas crónicas.

Palabras Clave: actividad antioxidante; citotoxicidad; estrés oxidativo; heridas.

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Citation Format: Yahaya ES, Cordier W, Steenkamp PA, Steenkamp V (2020) Protective effect of Erythrina senegalensis sequential extracts against oxidative stress in SC-1 fibroblasts and THP-1 macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 8(4): 247–259.

© 2020 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (JPPRes)

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