{"id":16963,"date":"2023-09-28T21:12:19","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T00:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/?p=16963"},"modified":"2023-09-28T21:12:23","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T00:12:23","slug":"hepatoprotective-study-of-water-kefir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/hepatoprotective-study-of-water-kefir\/","title":{"rendered":"Hepatoprotective study of water kefir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

J. Pharm. Pharmacogn.\u00a0Res., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1002-1016, Nov-Dec 2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56499\/jppres23.1732_11.6.1002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Original Article<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hepatoprotective study of Indonesian water kefir against CCl4<\/sub>-induced liver injury in rats<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

[Estudio hepatoprotector del k\u00e9fir de agua indonesio contra la lesi\u00f3n hep\u00e1tica inducida por CCl4<\/sub> en ratas]<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Widhya Aligita1,3*<\/sup>, Marlia Singgih2<\/sup>, Entris Sutrisno3<\/sup>, I Ketut Adnyana1*<\/sup><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup>Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/sup>Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhakti Kencana University, Bandung, Indonesia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

*E-mail: widhya.aligita@bku.ac.id<\/a>; ketut@itb.ac.id<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Context<\/em>: Water kefir is a fermented beverage that is typically made in the home by inoculating a sugar-rich solution with a microbial community (water kefir grains). Several studies on the metabolite content and hepatoprotective effects of water kefir have been published, but carbon tetrachloride (CCl4<\/sub>)-induced acute liver injury has not been studied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aims<\/em>: To evaluate the efficacy of water kefir in vivo<\/em> against hepatoprotective CCl4<\/sub>-induced acute liver injury and to in silico investigate metabolites that play an important role in hepatoprotective mechanisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Methods<\/em>: The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of water kefir in an animal model caused by CCl4<\/sub>. Furthermore, using molecular docking, the metabolites found in water kefir were evaluated for their role in the NF-\u03baB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results<\/em>: Water kefir significantly and dose-dependently alleviated acute liver injury caused by CCl4<\/sub>. Water kefir administration at all doses produced results comparable to the positive control (Curcuma<\/em> extract). Molecular docking simulations showed that, compared to Nrf2, the 25 metabolites were more likely to interact with the NF-kB receptor. Fumaric acid is the strong metabolite that interacts with the NF-\u03baB receptor with a free energy of binding and an inhibition constant of -6.66 kcal\/mol and 13.22 \u00b5M, respectively. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusions<\/em>: Water kefir administration improved the condition of liver damage, characterized by a decrease in serum levels of AST, ALT, TNF-a, TGF-b, and an improvement in the liver tissue profile. In silico<\/em> evaluation showed that the metabolites in water kefir were able to interact with target proteins in the NF-kB and Nrf2 pathways. It was concluded that water kefir improves the condition of the liver by reducing the level of necrosis and fibrosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords<\/em>: free radicals; liver diseases; kefir; molecular docking simulation; probiotics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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