{"id":18860,"date":"2024-09-10T13:00:02","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T16:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/?p=18860"},"modified":"2024-09-10T13:00:02","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T16:00:02","slug":"costs-of-chronic-diseases-from-a-patients-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/costs-of-chronic-diseases-from-a-patients-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Costs of chronic diseases from a patient\u2019s perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"

J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 274-283, Jan-Feb 2025<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\nDOI:\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56499\/jppres24.2036_13.1.274<\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n

Original Article<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Chronic disease costs from a patient\u2019s perspective: A survey of patients with stroke, heart disease, and chronic kidney disease visiting a district hospital in Indonesia<\/h1>\r\n\r\n

[Costos de las enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas desde la perspectiva del paciente: Una encuesta a pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular, enfermedad card\u00edaca y enfermedad renal cr\u00f3nica que visitaron un hospital de distrito en Indonesia]<\/h2>\r\n\r\n

Dwi Endarti1*<\/sup>, Tri Murti Andayani2<\/sup>, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti1<\/sup>, Syifaur Rohmah3<\/sup>, Resi Rizki Banjarani3<\/sup>, Nurul Adzkia Ghearizky3<\/sup><\/h3>\r\n\r\n

1<\/sup>Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

2<\/sup>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

3<\/sup>Master Program in Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

*E-mail: endarti_apt@ugm.ac.id<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Context<\/em>: Chronic disease treatment can lead to catastrophic costs. Although most direct medical costs are covered by the National Health Insurance, direct nonmedical and indirect costs may be burdensome for patients.<\/p>\r\n

Aims<\/em>: To estimate the cost of chronic diseases from a patient\u2019s perspective.<\/p>\r\n

Methods<\/em>: A total of 315 patients with stroke (n = 105), heart disease (n = 108), and chronic kidney disease (n = 102) visiting a district hospital in Yogyakarta Province in Indonesia were included in this study. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Significant differences in mean costs between different groups seeking healthcare facilities were determined using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test.<\/p>\r\n

Results<\/em>: The estimated total out-of-pocket (OOP) costs per patient within three months were IDR 3,411,662 (USD 227.4), IDR 632,665 (USD 42.2), and IDR 3,227,951 (USD 215.2) for stroke, heart disease, and chronic kidney disease, respectively. OOP costs for the three diseases accounted for 9\u201349% of minimum regional wages. Indirect costs were the highest costs contributing to the total OOP cost (33\u201364%), followed by direct medical costs (12\u201357%) and direct nonmedical costs (5\u201333%). Patients seeking additional treatment at other healthcare facilities tended to have significantly higher costs.<\/p>\r\n

Conclusions<\/em>: This study showed that chronic diseases put a relatively high economic burden on patients. Additionally, seeking more healthcare facilities tends to increase costs.<\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n

Keywords<\/em>: catastrophic disease; cost of illness; economic burden; out-of-pocket cost.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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