{"id":20831,"date":"2026-06-25T22:15:54","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T02:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/?p=20831"},"modified":"2026-08-20T15:55:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T19:55:58","slug":"antibiotic-appropriateness-in-sepsis-patients","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/antibiotic-appropriateness-in-sepsis-patients\/","title":{"rendered":"Antibiotic appropriateness in sepsis patients"},"content":{"rendered":"

J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 14, no. 3, Article ID 2799, May-Jun 2026<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\nDOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56499\/jppres_14.3.2799<\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n

Original Article<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Appropriateness of antibiotic therapy in sepsis patients in the intensive care unit: A single-center observational study<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

[Adecuaci\u00f3n de la terapia antibi\u00f3tica en pacientes con sepsis en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: un estudio observacional de un solo centro]<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

Ha T.T. Dinh1*<\/sup>, Khoi X. Pham1,2<\/sup>, An N. Nguyen1,3<\/sup><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

1<\/sup>Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa City, V-81000, Vietnam.<\/p>\r\n

2<\/sup>Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.<\/p>\r\n

3<\/sup>Department of Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.<\/p>\r\n

*E-mail: thuyha@lhu.edu.vn<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Context<\/em>: Sepsis remains a major cause of mortality in intensive care units, and antimicrobial selection is complicated by local resistance patterns.<\/p>\r\n

Aims<\/em>: To describe antimicrobial use and evaluate the association between guideline adherence and discharge outcomes among adult ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock.<\/p>\r\n

Methods<\/em>: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using 106 medical records from adult patients admitted to the ICU of Dong Nai 2 Hospital between January 2023 and February 2024. Empirical and post-susceptibility antimicrobial regimens were assessed according to the Sanford Guide and VNACCEMT 2020 recommendations.<\/p>\r\n

Results<\/em>: Respiratory infection was the most frequent source of sepsis. Cultures were performed in 63 patients, and blood cultures were positive in 32. The main pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em> (38.1%), Acinetobacter baumannii<\/em> (22.2%), Pseudomonas<\/em> aeruginosa<\/em> (14.3%), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> (11.1%). Levofloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam were commonly prescribed empirically, whereas meropenem, linezolid, and colistin were frequently used after susceptibility results. Empirical adherence to Sanford Guide and VNACCEMT recommendations was 32.1% and 56.6%, respectively. Post-susceptibility adherence was 46.4% and 50.0%, respectively. Adherence to the Sanford Guide after susceptibility testing was associated with treatment success at discharge, defined as recovery or improvement (OR 2.301, 95% CI 1.105\u20134.792; p = 0.026). The in-hospital mortality rate was 41.5%.<\/p>\r\n

Conclusions<\/em>: Inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy was frequent in this high-resistance ICU cohort. Adherence to antimicrobial stewardship recommendations, particularly Sanford Guide-based adjustments after susceptibility results became available, was associated with improved discharge outcomes in the exploratory multivariable analysis. Locally adapted empirical therapy combined with PK\/PD-optimized targeted dosing should be evaluated prospectively.<\/p>\r\n

Keywords<\/em>: antimicrobial stewardship; antimicrobial susceptibility testing; critical care; drug resistance, bacterial; drug resistance, multiple, bacterial; treatment outcome.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

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Resumen<\/h4>\r\n\r\n

Contexto<\/em>: La sepsis sigue siendo una causa importante de mortalidad en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, y la selecci\u00f3n de antimicrobianos se ve complicada por los patrones locales de resistencia.<\/p>\r\n

Objetivos<\/em>: Describir el uso de antimicrobianos y evaluar la asociaci\u00f3n entre la adherencia a las gu\u00edas y los desenlaces al alta en pacientes adultos con sepsis o shock s\u00e9ptico en la UCI.<\/p>\r\n

M\u00e9todos:<\/em> Se llev\u00f3 a cabo un estudio de cohorte observacional retrospectivo con 106 historias cl\u00ednicas de pacientes adultos ingresados en la UCI del Hospital Dong Nai 2 entre enero de 2023 y febrero de 2024. Los reg\u00edmenes antimicrobianos emp\u00edricos y posteriores al antibiograma se evaluaron seg\u00fan las recomendaciones de la Sanford Guide y de las gu\u00edas de la VNACCEMT 2020.<\/p>\r\n

Resultados<\/em>: La infecci\u00f3n respiratoria fue la fuente m\u00e1s frecuente de sepsis. Se realizaron cultivos en 63 pacientes y los hemocultivos resultaron positivos en 32. Los principales pat\u00f3genos fueron Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em> (38,1%), Acinetobacter baumannii<\/em> (22,2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> (14,3%) y Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> resistente a meticilina (11,1%). Levofloxacino y piperacilina-tazobactam se prescribieron con mayor frecuencia como tratamiento emp\u00edrico, mientras que meropenem, linezolid y colistina se utilizaron con mayor frecuencia tras conocerse los resultados de sensibilidad. La adherencia emp\u00edrica a las recomendaciones de la Sanford Guide y de VNACCEMT fue del 32,1% y del 56,6%, respectivamente. La adherencia posterior al antibiograma fue del 46,4% y del 50,0%, respectivamente. La adherencia a la Sanford Guide tras las pruebas de sensibilidad se asoci\u00f3 con el \u00e9xito terap\u00e9utico al alta, definido como recuperaci\u00f3n o mejor\u00eda (OR 2,301; IC 95% 1,105\u20134,792; p = 0,026). La tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 41,5%.<\/p>\r\n

Conclusiones<\/em>: El tratamiento antimicrobiano emp\u00edrico inapropiado fue frecuente en esta cohorte de UCI con una alta tasa de resistencia. La adherencia a las recomendaciones del programa de uso racional de antimicrobianos, en particular los ajustes basados en la Gu\u00eda Sanford tras la disponibilidad de los resultados de susceptibilidad, se asoci\u00f3 con mejores desenlaces al alta en el an\u00e1lisis multivariable exploratorio. La terapia emp\u00edrica adaptada localmente, combinada con una dosificaci\u00f3n dirigida optimizada mediante PK\/PD, deber\u00eda evaluarse de forma prospectiva.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Palabras Clave<\/em>: administraci\u00f3n de antimicrobianos; cuidados cr\u00edticos; pruebas de sensibilidad antimicrobiana; resistencia bacteriana a los medicamentos; resistencia bacteriana a m\u00faltiples medicamentos; resultado del tratamiento.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

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Citation Format: <\/strong>Dinh HTT, Pham KX, Nguyen AN (2026) Appropriateness of antibiotic therapy in sepsis patients in the intensive care unit: A single-center observational study. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 13(3): 2799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56499\/jppres_14.3.2799<\/a><\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n
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J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 14, no. 3, Article ID 2799, May-Jun 2026. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56499\/jppres_14.3.2799 Original Article Appropriateness of antibiotic therapy in sepsis patients in the intensive care unit: A single-center observational study   [Adecuaci\u00f3n de la terapia antibi\u00f3tica en pacientes con sepsis en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: un estudio observacional de un solo … Continue reading Antibiotic appropriateness in sepsis patients<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pharmaceutical-science"],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20831\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}