{"id":20916,"date":"2026-08-15T12:03:24","date_gmt":"2026-08-15T16:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/?p=20916"},"modified":"2026-08-20T15:55:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T19:55:57","slug":"durio-and-metabolic-syndrome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/durio-and-metabolic-syndrome\/","title":{"rendered":"Durio and metabolic syndrome"},"content":{"rendered":"

J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 14, no. 4, Article ID 2722, Jul-Aug 2026<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\nDOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56499\/jppres_14.4.2775<\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n

Review<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Durio<\/i> species and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review of bioactivity and phytochemistry<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

[Especies de Durio<\/i> y s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico: una revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica de la bioactividad y la fitoqu\u00edmica]<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

Islan Nor1,5,6<\/sup>, Afrillia N. Garmana2<\/sup>, Mohamad Rafi3,4<\/sup>, Youngmin Kang7,8<\/sup>, Muhamad Insanu1,6*<\/sup><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

1<\/sup>Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

2<\/sup>Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

3<\/sup>Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

4<\/sup>Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

5<\/sup>Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Barito Kuala, 70582, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

6<\/sup>Center of Excellence for Innovative Cosmeceuticals and Natural Medicines for Degenerative Disease, Center for Pharma Valorisation, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.<\/p>\r\n

7<\/sup>Herbal Medicine Resource Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Naju-Si, 58245, South Korea.<\/p>\r\n

8<\/sup>Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34520, South Korea.<\/p>\r\n

*E-mail: insanu99@itb.ac.id<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Context<\/em>: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by interrelated metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity, which collectively increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Plant-derived metabolites have been investigated as potential sources of pharmacological leads, and species of the genus Durio<\/em> have been used as foods and in traditional medicine.<\/p>\r\n

Aims<\/em>: To systematically summarize evidence on Durio<\/em> species, plant parts, extracts, and isolated compounds relevant to metabolic syndrome-related endpoints.<\/p>\r\n

Methods<\/em>: PubMed and Scopus were searched on May 28, 2024, for English-language articles published from 2004 to 2024. Records were screened in Covidence according to predefined eligibility criteria and the PRISMA 2020 framework. Data on plant species, plant part, extraction method, study design, assay or test method, and reported antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, antioxidant, and phytochemical findings were extracted.<\/p>\r\n

Results<\/em>: Forty-five articles were included from 562 records. Direct antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic evidence was mainly reported for D. zibethinus<\/em>. Antioxidant activity was also reported for D. zibethinus<\/em>, D. kutejensis<\/em>, D. kinabaluensis<\/em>, and D. oxleyanus<\/em>. Ninety isolated compounds were identified from Durio<\/em> species; however, the metabolic relevance of many of these compounds was inferred from studies conducted outside Durio<\/em>-derived matrices.<\/p>\r\n

Conclusions<\/em>: Current evidence suggests that Durio<\/em> species, particularly D. zibethinus<\/em>, may influence selected metabolic syndrome-related endpoints in preclinical and in vitro<\/em> models. The evidence remains limited by heterogeneous assays, the absence of formal risk-of-bias assessment, and limited clinical data. Standardized phytochemical profiling, mechanistic studies, toxicity assessment, and controlled in vivo<\/em> studies are needed.<\/p>\r\n

Keywords<\/em>: antioxidants; diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemias; phytochemicals; plant extracts.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

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Resumen<\/h4>\r\n\r\n

Contexto<\/em>: El s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico comprende hiperglucemia, dislipidemia, hipertensi\u00f3n y obesidad central, que aumentan el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Las especies del g\u00e9nero Durio<\/em> se utilizan como alimento y en la medicina tradicional, y sus metabolitos representan una fuente potencial de compuestos bioactivos.<\/p>\r\n

Objetivos<\/em>: Resumir sistem\u00e1ticamente la evidencia sobre especies de Durio<\/em>, extractos y compuestos aislados relacionados con el s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico.<\/p>\r\n

M\u00e9todos:<\/em> Se realizaron b\u00fasquedas en PubMed y Scopus el 28 de mayo de 2024 para identificar art\u00edculos en ingl\u00e9s publicados entre 2004 y 2024. Los registros se seleccionaron en Covidence conforme a criterios predefinidos y PRISMA 2020. Se extrajeron datos sobre especie, parte vegetal, m\u00e9todo de extracci\u00f3n, dise\u00f1o del estudio, m\u00e9todos de evaluaci\u00f3n y hallazgos antidiab\u00e9ticos, antidislipid\u00e9micos, antioxidantes y fitoqu\u00edmicos.<\/p>\r\n

Resultados<\/em>: Se incluyeron 45 art\u00edculos de 562 registros. La evidencia directa de actividades antidiab\u00e9ticas y antidislipid\u00e9micas correspondi\u00f3 principalmente a D. zibethinus<\/em>. Tambi\u00e9n se report\u00f3 actividad antioxidante en D. zibethinus<\/em>, D. kutejensis<\/em>, D. kinabaluensis<\/em> y D. oxleyanus<\/em>. Se identificaron 90 compuestos aislados; sin embargo, su relevancia metab\u00f3lica se infiri\u00f3 de estudios fuera de Durio<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n

Conclusiones<\/em>: La evidencia disponible sugiere que las especies de Durio<\/em>, especialmente D. zibethinus<\/em>, pueden influir en desenlaces relacionados con el s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico en modelos precl\u00ednicos e in vitro<\/em>. Sin embargo, la evidencia sigue limitada por la heterogeneidad de los ensayos, la ausencia de evaluaci\u00f3n formal del riesgo de sesgo y la limitada informaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica. Se requieren perfiles fitoqu\u00edmicos estandarizados, estudios mecan\u00edsticos, evaluaciones de toxicidad y estudios in vivo<\/em> controlados.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Palabras Clave<\/em>: antioxidantes; diabetes mellitus; dislipidemias; extractos vegetales; fitoqu\u00edmicos.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n

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Citation Format: <\/strong>Nor I, Garmana AF, Rafi M, Kang Y, Insanu M (2026) Durio<\/em> species and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review of bioactivity and phytochemistry. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 14(4): 2775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56499\/jppres_14.4.2775<\/a><\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n
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J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 14, no. 4, Article ID 2722, Jul-Aug 2026. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56499\/jppres_14.4.2775 Review Durio species and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review of bioactivity and phytochemistry   [Especies de Durio y s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico: una revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica de la bioactividad y la fitoqu\u00edmica]   Islan Nor1,5,6, Afrillia N. Garmana2, Mohamad Rafi3,4, Youngmin Kang7,8, Muhamad … Continue reading Durio and metabolic syndrome<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pharmaceutical-science"],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20916"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20916\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jppres.com\/jppres\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}