J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 414-422, May-Jun 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1820_12.3.414
Original Article
The impact of yoga in pregnancy on placental growth factor levels and mean arterial pressure in pre-eclampsia: A randomized controlled trial
[El impacto del yoga en el embarazo sobre los niveles del factor de crecimiento placentario y la presión arterial media en la pre-eclampsia: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado]
Zakkiyatus Zainiyah*, Eny Susanti, Novita Wulandari
Ngudia Husada Madura High School of Health Sciences, Madura, Indonesia.
Abstract
Context: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema occurring after 20 weeks of pregnancy or during the postpartum period. Several markers are often assessed to determine the suitable option for confirming pre-eclampsia diagnosis, one of which is the examination of placental growth factor (PlGF) as a placental ischemia indicator.
Aims: To evaluate the impact of prenatal yoga on PlGF and mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels in pre-eclampsia within the Madura region.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on fifty subjects that were randomly allocated to the experimental group with pre-post control groups consisting of 50 participants, namely 25 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and 25 healthy individuals. The selection was conducted based on the following inclusion criteria: belonging to Madura ethnicity spanning three generations, exhibiting pregnancy duration >20 weeks, maternal ages ranging from 20–35 years, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) >25, a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), kidney disorders, pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, or family history of chronic high blood pressure and pre-eclampsia among those at risk. PlGF levels were estimated using an ELISA kit, while blood pressure was measured with an Omron brand sphygmomanometer.
Results: Statistical analysis performed with the Wilcoxon sign test and T-test indicated significant differences (p<0.005) in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP between the groups. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in PlGF levels before and after engaging in prenatal yoga practice (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The results showed that prenatal yoga contributed to the elevation of PlGF levels in women with pre-eclampsia, compared to their healthy counterparts.
Keywords: mean arterial pressure; placental growth factor; pre-eclampsia; pregnancy; yoga.
Resumen
Contexto: La pre-eclampsia es una afección relacionada con el embarazo caracterizada por hipertensión, proteinuria y edema que se presenta después de las 20 semanas de embarazo o durante el puerperio. A menudo se evalúan varios marcadores para determinar la opción adecuada para confirmar el diagnóstico de pre-eclampsia, uno de los cuales es el examen del factor de crecimiento placentario (PlGF) como indicador de isquemia placentaria.
Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto del yoga prenatal sobre el PlGF y los niveles de presión arterial media (PAM) en la pre-eclampsia dentro de la región de Madura.
Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un ensayo controlado aleatorio en cincuenta sujetos que fueron asignados al azar al grupo experimental con grupos de control pre-post compuesto por 50 participantes, a saber, 25 mujeres embarazadas con pre-eclampsia y 25 individuos sanos. La selección se basó en los siguientes criterios de inclusión: pertenencia a la etnia madura durante tres generaciones, duración del embarazo superior a 20 semanas, edad materna entre 20 y 35 años, índice de masa corporal (IMC) previo al embarazo >25, antecedentes de hipertensión, diabetes mellitus (DM), trastornos renales, pre-eclampsia, hipertensión crónica o antecedentes familiares de hipertensión crónica y pre-eclampsia entre las personas de riesgo. Los niveles de PlGF se estimaron mediante un kit ELISA, mientras que la presión arterial se midió con un esfigmomanómetro de la marca Omron.
Resultados: El análisis estadístico realizado con la prueba de signos de Wilcoxon y la prueba T indicó diferencias significativas (p<0,005) en la presión arterial sistólica, la presión arterial diastólica y la PAM entre los grupos. Además, se observó una diferencia significativa en los niveles de PlGF antes y después de practicar yoga prenatal (p<0,05).
Conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que el yoga prenatal contribuyó a la elevación de los niveles de PlGF en mujeres con pre-eclampsia, en comparación con sus homólogas sanas.
Palabras Clave: embarazo; factor de crecimiento placentario; pre-eclampsia; presión arterial media; yoga.
Citation Format: Zainiyah Z, Susanti E, Wulandari N (2024) The impact of yoga in pregnancy on placental growth factor levels and mean arterial pressure in pre-eclampsia: A randomized controlled trial. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 12(3): 414–422. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1820_12.3.414
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