J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 14, no. 3, Article ID 2715, May-Jun 2026.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres_14.3.2715

Original Article

Antihyperuricemic effect of ethanol extract of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. leaves in a fructose–potassium oxonate-induced male Wistar rat model

 

[Efecto antihiperuricémico del extracto etanólico de hojas de Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. en un modelo de rata Wistar macho inducido por fructosa-oxonato de potasio]

 

Elis Susilawati^1*, Aditya N. Azriq¹, Kartikasari¹, Marita Kaniawati¹, Agus Sulaeman¹, Jutti Levita²

 

¹Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhakti Kencana University, Bandung, Indonesia.

²Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 46363, Indonesia.

*E-mail: elis.susilawati@bku.ac.id

 

Abstract

Context: Hyperuricemia is associated with gout, oxidative stress, and renal and hepatic dysfunction. Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. contains bioactive metabolites, but its antihyperuricemic activity remains insufficiently evaluated.

Aims: To evaluate the antihyperuricemic activity of the ethanol extract of E. subumbrans leaves in vitro and in a fructose-potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rat model.

Methods: Xanthine oxidase inhibition was assessed colorimetrically. Male Wistar rats were assigned to normal control, negative control, allopurinol, and extract-treated groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) in a preventive/co-treatment design. Serum uric acid, creatinine, aminotransferases, and malondialdehyde were measured and analyzed using repeated measures analysis. Liver and kidney tissues were examined histologically.

Results: The ethanol extract of E. subumbrans leaves inhibited xanthine oxidase in vitro, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 30.98 ± 0.64 µg/mL, indicating lower activity than allopurinol (1.24 ± 0.64 µg/mL). At day 60, the extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg attenuated serum uric acid levels to 3.28 ± 0.14, 3.26 ± 0.19, and 2.64 ± 0.09 mg/dL, respectively, compared with the negative control group (p<0.05). Lower creatinine, aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde values were observed in the extract-treated groups than in the negative control group. Histopathological alterations of the liver and kidney were numerically reduced, although not all pairwise comparisons reached statistical significance.

Conclusions: The ethanol extract of E. subumbrans leaves showed antihyperuricemic activity in this preventive/co-treatment model. The observed effect may have been partly related to xanthine oxidase inhibition; however, further mechanistic, standardization, and safety studies are required.

Keywords: alanine aminotransferase; creatinine; hyperuricemia; malondialdehyde; rats, Wistar; uric acid.

 

 

Resumen

Contexto: La hiperuricemia se asocia con gota, estrés oxidativo y disfunción renal y hepática. Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. contiene metabolitos bioactivos, pero su actividad antihiperuricémica aún no ha sido suficientemente evaluada.

Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad antihiperuricémica del extracto etanólico de hojas de E. subumbrans in vitro y en un modelo de ratas hiperuricémicas inducido por fructosa-oxonato de potasio.

Métodos: La inhibición de la xantina oxidasa se evaluó mediante un ensayo colorimétrico. Ratas Wistar macho fueron distribuidas en grupos control normal, control negativo, alopurinol y grupos tratados con extracto a dosis de 100, 200 y 400 mg/kg de peso corporal, en un diseño preventivo/cotratamiento. Se midieron ácido úrico sérico, creatinina, aspartato aminotransferasa, alanina aminotransferasa y malondialdehído, y se analizaron mediante análisis de medidas repetidas. Los tejidos hepático y renal fueron examinados histológicamente.

Resultados: El extracto etanólico de hojas de E. subumbrans inhibió la xantina oxidasa in vitro, con una concentración inhibitoria del 50% de 30,98 ± 0,64 µg/mL, mostrando menor actividad que el alopurinol (1,24 ± 0,64 µg/mL). En el día 60, el extracto a 100, 200 y 400 mg/kg atenuó los niveles séricos de ácido úrico a 3,28 ± 0,14; 3,26 ± 0,19; y 2,64 ± 0,09 mg/dL, respectivamente, en comparación con el grupo control negativo (p < 0,05). Se observaron valores más bajos de creatinina, aminotransferasas y malondialdehído en los grupos tratados con extracto que en el grupo control negativo. Las alteraciones histopatológicas hepáticas y renales se redujeron numéricamente, aunque no todas las comparaciones por pares alcanzaron significancia estadística.

Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico de hojas de E. subumbrans mostró actividad antihiperuricémica en este modelo preventivo/cotratamiento. El efecto observado puede haber estado parcialmente relacionado con la inhibición de la xantina oxidasa; sin embargo, se requieren estudios mecanísticos, de estandarización y de seguridad adicionales.

Palabras Clave: ácido úrico; alanina aminotransferasa; creatinina; hiperuricemia; malondialdehído; ratas Wistar.

 

 

https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol14/jppres_14.3.2715.pdf

 

 

Citation Format: Susilawati E, Azriq AN, Kartikasari, Kaniawati M, Sulaeman A, Levita J (2026) Antihyperuricemic effect of ethanol extract of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. leaves in a fructose–potassium oxonate-induced male Wistar rat model. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 14(3): 2715. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres_14.3.2715

 

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