J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1607-1612, Sep-Oct 2025.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres24.2261_13.5.1607

Original Article

Prenatal yoga modulates endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in women at high risk of preeclampsia: A quasi-experimental study

[El yoga prenatal modula la endotelina-1 y el óxido nítrico en mujeres con alto riesgo de preeclampsia: Un estudio cuasiexperimental]

Hamimatus Zainiyah^1,2, Bambang Purwanto³, Ernawati⁴, Raden Argarini³

¹Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia.

²Department of Midwifery, University of Noor Huda Mustofa, Bangkalan, Madura, Indonesia.

³Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia.

⁴Department of Obstetric Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia.

*E-mail: bambang-purwanto@fk.unair.ac.id

Abstract

Context: Preeclampsia is associated with endothelial dysfunction marked by imbalances in endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO).

Aims: To evaluate the effect of prenatal yoga on serum ET-1 and NO levels in pregnant women at high risk for preeclampsia.

Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was conducted on 46 pregnant women (9–16 weeks gestation), assigned to yoga (n=23) and control (n=23) groups. Both groups received standard prenatal care; the intervention group additionally practiced 30-minute yoga sessions five times weekly for four weeks. Serum ET-1 and NO levels were measured pre- and post-intervention.

Results: The yoga group showed a significant decrease in ET-1 levels (p=0.039) and an increase in NO levels (p=0.031), whereas the control group showed opposite trends. Between-group comparisons were also significant for both biomarkers (p<0.01).

Conclusions: Prenatal yoga may improve endothelial function and reduce the risk of preeclampsia through modulation of ET-1 and NO levels.

Keywords: endothelin-1; nitric oxide; preeclampsia; women; yoga.

Resumen

Contexto: La preeclampsia se asocia con disfunción endotelial, caracterizada por desequilibrios en la endotelina-1 (ET-1) y el óxido nítrico (NO).

Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto del yoga prenatal sobre los niveles séricos de ET-1 y NO en mujeres embarazadas con alto riesgo de preeclampsia.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental pretest-postest en 46 mujeres embarazadas (9-16 semanas de gestación), asignadas a grupos de yoga (n=23) y control (n=23). Ambos grupos recibieron atención prenatal estándar; el grupo de intervención practicó adicionalmente sesiones de yoga de 30 minutos cinco veces por semana durante cuatro semanas. Se midieron los niveles séricos de ET-1 y NO antes y después de la intervención.

Resultados: El grupo de yoga mostró una disminución significativa en los niveles de ET-1 (p=0,039) y un aumento en los niveles de NO (p=0,031), mientras que el grupo control mostró tendencias opuestas. Las comparaciones entre grupos también fueron significativas para ambos biomarcadores (p<0,01).

Conclusiones: El yoga prenatal puede mejorar la función endotelial y reducir el riesgo de preeclampsia mediante la modulación de los niveles de ET-1 y NO.

Palabras Clave: endotelina-1; mujeres; óxido nítrico; preeclampsia; yoga.

 

https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol13/jppres24.2261_13.5.1607.pdf

 

 

Citation Format: Hamimatus Z, Bambang P, Ernawati, Raden A (2025) Prenatal yoga modulates endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in women at high risk of preeclampsia: A quasi-experimental study. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 13(5): 1607–1612. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres24.2261_13.5.1607

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